Confusing “complement” and “compliment” is a common pitfall for English language learners and even native speakers. These words, similar in spelling and pronunciation, have distinct meanings and uses.
Understanding the difference is crucial for clear and effective communication, both in writing and speaking. This article provides a comprehensive guide to mastering the correct usage of “complement” and “compliment,” covering definitions, examples, usage rules, common mistakes, and practice exercises.
This guide will benefit students, writers, professionals, and anyone seeking to improve their English grammar skills and avoid embarrassing errors.
Table of Contents
- Introduction
- Definitions: Complement vs. Compliment
- Structural Breakdown
- Types and Categories
- Examples
- Usage Rules
- Common Mistakes
- Practice Exercises
- Advanced Topics
- FAQ
- Conclusion
Definitions: Complement vs. Compliment
The words “complement” and “compliment” are often confused due to their similar spelling and pronunciation. However, they have distinct meanings and grammatical functions.
Understanding these differences is essential for accurate and effective communication.
Complement
A complement is something that completes or enhances something else. In grammar, a complement is a word, phrase, or clause that is necessary to complete the meaning of a sentence. It provides additional information about the subject or object of the verb. The word “complement” comes from the Latin word complementum, meaning “that which fills up or completes.”
In everyday language, “complement” can refer to things that go well together, such as colors or flavors. Think of it as something that completes the set or makes something whole.
For example, “The wine perfectly complements the cheese.”
Compliment
A compliment is an expression of praise, admiration, or approval. It is a polite remark that conveys positive feelings about someone or something. The word “compliment” comes from the Latin word complere, meaning “to fill up” or “to complete,” but in this context, it refers to filling someone with satisfaction through praise. It can also be used as a verb, meaning to express praise or admiration.
Compliments are often used to build rapport, show appreciation, or make someone feel good. A sincere compliment can strengthen relationships and boost confidence.
For example, “She gave me a compliment on my new dress.”
Structural Breakdown
To further clarify the difference between “complement” and “compliment,” let’s examine their structural roles in sentences. Understanding how each word functions grammatically will aid in using them correctly.
Complement Structure
As a grammatical term, a complement typically follows a linking verb or a transitive verb. It is essential for completing the meaning of the sentence.
Here are some examples of how complements function in different sentence structures:
- Subject Complements: These follow linking verbs (e.g., is, are, was, were, seems, becomes) and describe or identify the subject.
- Object Complements: These follow transitive verbs and describe or identify the direct object.
- Adjective Complements: These follow adjectives and provide further information or complete the meaning of the adjective.
The function of the complement is to provide crucial information about the subject or object. Without it, the sentence would feel incomplete or lack a clear meaning.
Compliment Structure
As a noun, “compliment” functions as the object of a verb or as the subject of a sentence. As a verb, it is typically followed by a direct object (the person or thing being complimented) and may include a prepositional phrase indicating what the compliment is about.
Here are some common sentence structures using “compliment”:
- Subject + Verb + Compliment: She gave a compliment.
- Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Compliment: She gave him a compliment.
- Subject + Verb + Compliment + Prepositional Phrase: She gave a compliment on his cooking.
When used as a verb, “compliment” usually takes a direct object, indicating who is receiving the praise.
Types and Categories
Both “complement” and “compliment” can be further categorized to understand their specific uses and meanings in different contexts.
Types of Complements
In grammar, complements can be divided into several types based on their function within a sentence.
Subject Complements
A subject complement follows a linking verb and renames or describes the subject. It provides essential information about the subject’s identity or characteristics. Common linking verbs include be (is, are, was, were), seem, become, appear, and feel.
Examples:
- She is a doctor. (a doctor renames the subject “she”)
- The sky is blue. (blue describes the subject “sky”)
- He seems happy. (happy describes the subject “he”)
Object Complements
An object complement follows a direct object and renames or describes it. It clarifies or provides additional information about the object of the verb. Object complements are typically used with verbs like make, consider, find, and elect.
Examples:
- They elected him president. (president renames the object “him”)
- She made the room beautiful. (beautiful describes the object “room”)
- I find the book interesting. (interesting describes the object “book”)
Adjective Complements
An adjective complement is a phrase or clause that follows an adjective and completes its meaning. It provides further information or context for the adjective.
These complements often begin with prepositions or conjunctions.
Examples:
- He is afraid of heights. (of heights complements the adjective “afraid”)
- She is happy that she passed the exam. (that she passed the exam complements the adjective “happy”)
- I am grateful for your help. (for your help complements the adjective “grateful”)
Categories of Compliments
Compliments can be categorized based on what they praise or admire. Understanding these categories can help you tailor your compliments to be more specific and meaningful.
Compliments on Appearance
These compliments focus on someone’s physical appearance, such as their clothing, hairstyle, or overall look. However, it’s important to be mindful of cultural norms and avoid making comments that could be perceived as inappropriate or objectifying.
Examples:
- “I love your dress! The color looks amazing on you.”
- “Your hair looks great! Did you get it cut?”
- “You have a great sense of style.”
Compliments on Skills or Abilities
These compliments acknowledge someone’s talents, abilities, or accomplishments. They can be particularly motivating and encouraging.
Examples:
- “You’re such a talented musician. Your performance was incredible.”
- “You’re a very skilled writer. Your articles are always well-researched and insightful.”
- “You’re a great leader. You inspire your team to achieve great things.”
Compliments on Possessions
These compliments focus on something someone owns, such as their car, house, or a particular item. It’s important to be genuine and avoid sounding envious or materialistic.
Examples:
- “That’s a beautiful car! I love the color.”
- “Your house is lovely! It’s so warm and inviting.”
- “That’s a great watch! It looks very stylish.”
Examples
To solidify the understanding of “complement” and “compliment,” let’s explore a variety of examples demonstrating their proper usage in different contexts.
Complement Examples
The following table provides various examples of “complement” used as a noun and in grammatical contexts, illustrating its role in completing or enhancing meaning.
| Sentence | Explanation |
|---|---|
| The scarf is a perfect complement to her outfit. | “Complement” refers to something that enhances or completes the outfit. |
| The proposed changes will complement the existing policy. | “Complement” means to enhance or complete the policy. |
| The wine list is designed to complement the menu. | “Complement” indicates that the wine list will enhance the dining experience. |
| Her skills complement mine perfectly. | “Complement” means that their skills work well together to complete each other. |
| The new software is a valuable complement to our existing tools. | “Complement” indicates that the software enhances the existing tools. |
| The subject complement in the sentence is “happy.” | “Complement” refers to a grammatical element that completes the meaning of the subject. |
| The object complement describes the direct object. | “Complement” refers to a grammatical element that describes the direct object. |
| A good education should complement practical experience. | “Complement” suggests that education and experience work together to create a well-rounded individual. |
| The colors in the painting complement each other beautifully. | “Complement” means the colors enhance each other visually. |
| The two musicians’ styles complement each other, creating a unique sound. | “Complement” indicates that the musicians’ styles work well together harmoniously. |
| His quiet demeanor complements her outgoing personality. | “Complements” suggests that their personalities balance each other well. |
| The additional funding will complement the current research efforts. | “Complement” means the funding will enhance the ongoing research. |
| The new regulations are intended to complement existing safety standards. | “Complement” indicates that the regulations will enhance safety measures. |
| The dessert wine perfectly complemented the rich chocolate cake. | “Complemented” suggests that the wine enhanced the flavor of the cake. |
| A strong work ethic is a valuable complement to academic achievement. | “Complement” means that a strong work ethic enhances academic success. |
| The community garden serves as a complement to the local food bank. | “Complement” indicates that the garden enhances the food bank’s resources. |
| His artistic talent is a natural complement to his technical skills. | “Complement” suggests that his talent enhances his technical abilities. |
| The new exhibit is a valuable complement to the museum’s permanent collection. | “Complement” indicates that the exhibit enhances the museum’s existing collection. |
| The internship program is designed to complement students’ classroom learning. | “Complement” means that the program enhances the learning experience. |
| A healthy lifestyle should complement a balanced diet. | “Complement” suggests that a healthy lifestyle enhances the benefits of a good diet. |
| The software update will complement the system’s security features. | “Complement” means the update will enhance the system’s security. |
| Her extensive travel experience complements her knowledge of international affairs. | “Complements” suggests that her experience enhances her knowledge. |
| The volunteer work complements her professional aspirations. | “Complements” indicates that the volunteer work enhances her career goals. |
| The after-school program is a complement to the regular curriculum. | “Complement” means the program enhances the educational experience. |
| The new marketing campaign is designed to complement the company’s branding efforts. | “Complement” indicates that the campaign will enhance the branding. |
| His practical skills complement her theoretical knowledge. | “Complement” suggests that their skills balance each other effectively. |
| The additional security measures will complement the building’s existing safety protocols. | “Complement” means the measures will enhance the building’s safety. |
| The documentary serves as a valuable complement to the textbook. | “Complement” indicates that the documentary enhances the textbook’s content. |
| Her calm demeanor complements his energetic personality, creating a balanced team. | “Complements” suggests that their personalities work well together. |
Compliment Examples
The following table provides examples of “compliment” used as both a noun and a verb, illustrating its role in expressing praise or admiration.
| Sentence | Explanation |
|---|---|
| She gave him a sincere compliment on his presentation. | “Compliment” is used as a noun, referring to an expression of praise. |
| I wanted to compliment you on your excellent work. | “Compliment” is used as a verb, meaning to express praise. |
| He received many compliments on his new haircut. | “Compliments” is used as a noun, referring to multiple expressions of praise. |
| She complimented me on my cooking. | “Complimented” is used as a verb, meaning she expressed praise about my cooking. |
| It’s important to give genuine compliments to people. | “Compliments” is used as a noun, referring to sincere expressions of praise. |
| I must compliment you on your attention to detail. | “Compliment” is used as a verb, meaning to express praise for their attention to detail. |
| The artist received a compliment from a famous critic. | “Compliment” is used as a noun, referring to an expression of praise. |
| She complimented his choice of words. | “Complimented” is used as a verb, meaning she expressed praise for his word choice. |
| He appreciated the compliment on his singing. | “Compliment” is used as a noun, referring to an expression of praise for his singing. |
| I want to compliment her for her hard work and dedication. | “Compliment” is used as a verb, meaning to express praise for her efforts. |
| The teacher gave the student a compliment on her insightful essay. | “Compliment” is used as a noun, referring to an expression of praise for the essay. |
| He complimented her on her beautiful artwork. | “Complimented” is used as a verb, meaning he expressed praise for her artwork. |
| Receiving a compliment can brighten someone’s day. | “Compliment” is used as a noun, referring to an expression of praise. |
| She complimented him on his leadership skills. | “Complimented” is used as a verb, meaning she expressed praise for his leadership. |
| The chef received many compliments on his delicious food. | “Compliments” is used as a noun, referring to multiple expressions of praise. |
| I compliment you on your excellent taste in music. | “Compliment” is used as a verb, meaning to express praise for their music taste. |
| His kind words were a welcome compliment. | “Compliment” is used as a noun, referring to an expression of praise. |
| She complimented my organizational skills during the meeting. | “Complimented” is used as a verb, meaning she praised my organizational skills. |
| The audience showered the performer with compliments after the show. | “Compliments” is used as a noun, referring to expressions of praise. |
| I must compliment you on your handling of the crisis situation. | “Compliment” is used as a verb, meaning to express praise for their handling of the crisis. |
| The director gave the actors a compliment on their outstanding performance. | “Compliment” is used as a noun, referring to an expression of praise for the performance. |
| She complimented him on his dedication to the project. | “Complimented” is used as a verb, meaning she praised his dedication. |
| Receiving compliments on your work can boost your confidence. | “Compliments” is used as a noun, referring to expressions of praise. |
| I want to compliment you on your ability to stay calm under pressure. | “Compliment” is used as a verb, meaning to express praise for their composure. |
| The author received numerous compliments on the book’s compelling narrative. | “Compliments” is used as a noun, referring to expressions of praise for the narrative. |
| She complimented him on his innovative approach to problem-solving. | “Complimented” is used as a verb, meaning she praised his innovative approach. |
| A heartfelt compliment can strengthen relationships and foster a positive environment. | “Compliment” is used as a noun, referring to an expression of praise. |
| I need to compliment you on your outstanding sense of humor; you always know how to lighten the mood. | “Compliment” is used as a verb, meaning to express praise for their sense of humor. |
| The team received several compliments on their collaborative spirit and exceptional teamwork. | “Compliments” is used as a noun, referring to expressions of praise for teamwork. |
Usage Rules
To ensure accurate and effective communication, it’s crucial to understand the specific rules governing the usage of “complement” and “compliment.”
Complement Usage Rules
Here are the key rules for using “complement” correctly:
- As a noun: Use “complement” to refer to something that completes or enhances something else.
- As a verb: Use “complement” to mean to enhance or complete something else.
- Grammatical context: Use “complement” to refer to a word, phrase, or clause that completes the meaning of a sentence.
Remember that “complement” focuses on completion, enhancement, or grammatical necessity.
Compliment Usage Rules
Here are the key rules for using “compliment” correctly:
- As a noun: Use “compliment” to refer to an expression of praise or admiration.
- As a verb: Use “compliment” to mean to express praise or admiration.
- Structure: When used as a verb, “compliment” is typically followed by a direct object (the person being complimented) and may include a prepositional phrase indicating what the compliment is about.
Remember that “compliment” focuses on expressing positive feelings or admiration.
Common Mistakes
One of the most frequent errors in English grammar is confusing “complement” and “compliment.” This section highlights these common mistakes and provides correct examples to avoid confusion.
| Incorrect | Correct | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| The red shoes complimented her dress perfectly. | The red shoes complemented her dress perfectly. | “Complemented” (with an ‘e’) means enhanced or completed. “Complimented” (with an ‘i’) means praised. |
| She gave me a nice complement on my presentation. | She gave me a nice compliment on my presentation. | “Compliment” (with an ‘i’) means an expression of praise. “Complement” (with an ‘e’) means something that completes. |
| The object compliment completed the sentence. | The object complement completed the sentence. | “Complement” (with an ‘e’) is the correct grammatical term. |
| I wanted to complement her new hairstyle. | I wanted to compliment her new hairstyle. | “Compliment” (with an ‘i’) means to express praise. |
| The colors complimented each other well. | The colors complemented each other well. | “Complemented” (with an ‘e’) means enhanced each other. |
Practice Exercises
Test your understanding of “complement” and “compliment” with the following exercises. Each exercise focuses on different aspects of their usage to reinforce your learning.
Exercise 1: Choose the Correct Word
Select the correct word (“complement” or “compliment”) to complete each sentence.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. The wine will ________ the cheese perfectly. | complement |
| 2. She received a ________ on her beautiful singing voice. | compliment |
| 3. His skills ________ hers, making them a great team. | complement |
| 4. I wanted to ________ you on your outstanding performance. | compliment |
| 5. The new curtains ________ the room’s decor. | complement |
| 6. He gave her a sincere ________ on her hard work. | compliment |
| 7. The report serves as a ________ to the existing research. | complement |
| 8. The teacher ________ the students on their excellent essays. | complimented |
| 9. The new features will ________ the software’s functionality. | complement |
| 10. I received a lovely ________ on my new outfit. | compliment |
Exercise 2: Fill in the Blanks
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of “complement” or “compliment.”
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. The side dish is a perfect ________ to the main course. | complement |
| 2. She ________ him on his excellent presentation skills. | complimented |
| 3. The two colors ________ each other beautifully in the painting. | complement |
| 4. He appreciated the ________ on his new haircut. | compliment |
| 5. The new software will ________ the existing system. | complement |
| 6. She received many ________ on her stunning performance. | compliments |
| 7. The additional information will ________ the report. | complement |
| 8. I wanted to ________ her on her dedication to the project. | compliment |
| 9. The scarf is a great ________ to her winter coat. | complement |
| 10. They ________ the chef on the delicious meal. | complimented |
Exercise 3: Sentence Correction
Identify and correct the errors in the following sentences involving “complement” and “compliment.”
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. The shoes complimented her dress perfectly. | The shoes complemented her dress perfectly. |
| 2. She gave me a nice complement on my work. | She gave me a nice compliment on my work. |
| 3. The object compliment made the sentence complete. | The object complement made the sentence complete. |
| 4. I wanted to complement her on her new job. | I wanted to compliment her on her new job. |
| 5. The flavors complimented each other well. | The flavors complemented each other well. |
| 6. He received many complements on his hard work. | He received many compliments on his hard work. |
| 7. The new features will compliment the software’s functionality. | The new features will complement the software’s functionality. |
| 8. She complimented me on my complement of flowers. | She complimented me on my complement of flowers. (This sentence is grammatically correct but slightly awkward. A better option might be: “She complimented me on the flowers I brought.”) |
| 9. The report is a nice complement to the existing research. | The report is a nice complement to the existing research. |
| 10. The teacher complimented the students for their complements to each other. | The teacher complimented the students for their compliments to each other. |
Advanced Topics
For advanced learners, understanding the nuances and contextual variations of “complement” and “compliment” can further enhance their mastery of the English language.
Formal vs. Informal Contexts
In formal writing and speech, it’s essential to use “complement” and “compliment” with precision. While both words can be used in informal settings, the distinction between them should always be maintained in professional or academic contexts.
Using the wrong word can detract from your credibility and clarity.
For example, in a business report, you would write: “The new marketing strategy will complement our existing sales efforts.” In a casual conversation, you might say: “I wanted to compliment you on your presentation; it was excellent!”
Nuances in Meaning
While “complement” generally means to complete or enhance, it can also imply a sense of balance or harmony. For example, “Their different personalities complement each other” suggests that their personalities balance each other out, creating a harmonious relationship.
Similarly, “compliment” can convey different levels of sincerity or enthusiasm. A simple “Nice job!” is a compliment, but a more elaborate “Your performance was truly outstanding; I was deeply impressed by your skill and dedication” conveys a much higher degree of admiration.
FAQ
Here are some frequently asked questions about “complement” and “compliment” to address common points of confusion.
- What is the easiest way to remember the difference between “complement” and “compliment”?
Think of “complement” as something that *completes* something else. Both words start with ‘com,’ but ‘complement’ has an ‘e’ like ‘complete.’ Think of “compliment” as something nice to *say*. It starts with ‘com’ and has an ‘i’ like ‘I like it!’
- Can “complement” be used in a negative context?
While “complement” typically has a positive connotation, it can be used in a neutral context to simply describe something that completes something else without necessarily implying a positive or negative effect. For example, “The dark colors complement the somber mood of the painting.” The somber mood is not necessarily positive.
- Is it ever appropriate to use “compliment” sarcastically?
Yes, “compliment” can be used sarcastically, but it’s important to be mindful of your audience and the context. Sarcastic compliments can be hurtful or offensive if not delivered carefully. For example, “Oh, that’s a *lovely* haircut,” said with a raised eyebrow and a sarcastic tone, is clearly not a genuine compliment.
- What are some alternative words for “complement”?
Some alternative words for “complement” include enhance, complete, supplement, augment, and enrich. The best choice depends on the specific context and the nuance you want to convey.
- What are some alternative words for “compliment”?
Some alternative words for “compliment” include praise, commend, admire, flatter, and applaud. Again, the best choice depends on the specific context and the level of formality.
- Is it rude to not acknowledge a compliment?
Generally, yes. It is considered polite to acknowledge a compliment with a simple “thank you.” Ignoring a compliment can be perceived as rude or dismissive.
- Can you “fish” for compliments?
Yes, “fishing” for compliments refers to behaving in a way that invites or elicits praise from others. This behavior is often seen as insincere or attention-seeking.
- Is it better to give specific compliments or general compliments?
Specific compliments are generally more meaningful and impactful than general compliments. A specific compliment shows that you’ve paid attention and genuinely appreciate something about the person or their work. For
Conclusion
Mastering the correct usage of “complement” and “compliment” is essential for clear and effective communication. By understanding their definitions, structural roles, and usage rules, you can avoid common mistakes and enhance your writing and speaking skills.
Remember that “complement” completes or enhances, while “compliment” expresses praise or admiration. With practice and attention to detail, you can confidently use these words correctly in any context.