Achieving perfect smoke penetration and consistent temperature is paramount when utilizing a pellet grill for barbecue. The versatility of these units allows for unparalleled control over wood-fired flavor, making the selection of the best meats to smoke on a pellet grill a critical decision for enthusiasts.
Understanding how different cuts interact with the smoke and heat profile is key to unlocking their full gastronomic potential on your pellet grill. This exploration delves into the prime choices for smoking, differentiating them by texture, fat content, and ideal preparation methods.
Prepare to explore the definitive list of the best meats to smoke on a pellet grill, a journey that promises to answer what you need to know for your next cookout.
Find Your Perfect Smoked Meats!
1. LOTTELI KITCHEN Meat Temperature Magnet Chart Set – 4-Side Meat
Elevate your backyard grilling game with the LOTTELI KITCHEN Meat Temperature Magnet Chart Set. This isn’t just another kitchen accessory; it’s your essential partner for mastering the art of smoked meats. Designed for convenience and accuracy, it brings professional-level insights right to your grill.
This comprehensive 4-side magnetic guide offers instant access to crucial smoking information, including ideal internal temperatures for a wide range of meats, estimated cook times, and expert pellet grill wood pairings. It’s engineered with durable, splash-resistant materials and a robust magnetic backing, ensuring it stays put on your smoker, even in challenging outdoor conditions.
Pros
- Complete Smoking Resource: Features four sides dedicated to smoking temperatures for various meats (beef, pork, poultry, seafood, lamb, venison, and more), cook time estimations, pellet grill wood and flavor comparisons, and a clear step-by-step how-to guide, eliminating the need for multiple charts or devices.
- Chef-Verified Accuracy: All temperature and time data is thoroughly researched, tested, and verified by experienced pitmasters, providing reliable guidance for achieving perfect results on your pellet grill or smoker.
- Unmatched Convenience: With hands often occupied during grilling, the magnetic design allows for immediate, at-a-glance checks without needing to consult a phone or booklet, ensuring you stay on track and focused on your cook.
- Durable Outdoor Construction: Built to withstand backyard cooking environments, the magnets are splash-resistant, grease-proof, and UV-resistant, complemented by a strong magnetic backing that adheres securely to your grill without sliding.
- Ideal Gift for BBQ Enthusiasts: Presented in attractive, gift-ready packaging, this set makes a thoughtful and practical present for Father’s Day, birthdays, holidays, or any occasion for the grill master or pellet smoker owner in your life.
Cons
- Surface Temperature Warning: The product clearly states not to place it directly on hot surfaces or grill lids, which is a standard caution for magnetic items around high heat but requires user awareness.
For anyone serious about achieving consistently delicious smoked dishes on their pellet grill, the LOTTELI KITCHEN Meat Temperature Magnet Chart Set is an indispensable tool. It streamlines the smoking process, offering critical information at a glance, making it perfect for both novice grillers and seasoned pitmasters looking to refine their technique.
2. Levain & Co Meat Temperature Magnet & BBQ Smoker Guide
Elevate your smoking game and achieve pitmaster perfection with the Levain & Co. Meat Temperature Magnet & BBQ Smoker Guide. This essential accessory provides instant access to critical cooking information, ensuring every rack of ribs and smoked brisket emerges flawlessly cooked and bursting with flavor.
This essential accessory provides instant access to critical cooking information, ensuring every rack of ribs and smoked brisket emerges flawlessly cooked and bursting with flavor.
Designed for outdoor cooking enthusiasts, this durable, weather-resistant magnet offers a comprehensive guide to smoking various meats, poultry, and seafood. It meticulously details recommended wood pairings and precise internal temperatures for 24 different cuts, empowering you to master the art of smoking on your pellet grill or smoker.
Pros
- Instant Reference: Features researched and verified cooking times and internal temperatures for 24 red meat, game, poultry, and seafood cuts, eliminating guesswork and the need to constantly check a phone.
- Flavor Enhancement: Includes expert suggestions for wood pairings to complement different meats, helping you achieve superior flavor profiles and impress your guests.
- Durable & Aesthetic: Boasts a sleek, jet-black design that complements any smoker setup and a powerful magnetic backing with a weather-resistant exterior for long-lasting use.
- Ideal for Aspiring Pitmasters: Serves as a fantastic grilling gift for anyone serious about BBQ, providing the foundational knowledge needed to refine smoking techniques.
Cons
- Information is static; does not account for variations in individual grill performance or thickness of meat cuts, requiring some user experience to fine-tune for perfect results.
The Levain & Co. Meat Temperature Magnet is an indispensable tool for anyone passionate about smoking meats. Whether you’re a seasoned pitmaster or an aspiring chef looking to improve your pellet grill smoking skills, this guide offers reliable, at-a-glance information to ensure consistently delicious results for all your BBQ endeavors.
Whether you’re a seasoned pitmaster or an aspiring chef looking to improve your pellet grill smoking skills, this guide offers reliable, at-a-glance information to ensure consistently delicious results for all your BBQ endeavors.
3. LIZZQ Premium Pellet Smoker Tube 12 inches – 5 Hours
Elevate your backyard barbecue and achieve that coveted smoky flavor with the LIZZQ Premium Pellet Smoker Tube. Designed for all grill types and smokers, this 12-inch tube unlocks up to 5 hours of rich, savory smoke, transforming ordinary meats and cheeses into culinary masterpieces.
This versatile smoking accessory infuses food with authentic wood-fired taste, ideal for hot or cold smoking applications. Whether you’re smoking pork, chicken, fish, or even nuts and fruits, the LIZZQ tube enhances every bite with delicious, lingering smoke.
Pros
- Extended Smoking Time: Delivers up to 5 hours of continuous smoke, perfect for lengthy smoking sessions without constant refilling, making it excellent for overnight brisky or slow-cooked ribs.
- Universal Grill Compatibility: Works seamlessly with gas grills, charcoal grills, electric grills, and dedicated smokers, offering broad usability for diverse cooking setups.
- Hexagonal Design for Stability: The unique hexagon shape prevents the tube from rolling, ensuring consistent smoke diffusion and balanced flavor infusion, unlike round pellet tubes that can shift.
- Premium Stainless Steel Construction: Crafted from durable, food-safe 304 stainless steel, this smoker tube is built to last, resists rust, and is straightforward to clean after use.
Cons
- The primary drawback is the capacity; while it provides a long smoking duration, it might require multiple tubes for very large cuts of meat or extended smoking periods beyond 5 hours.
For anyone seeking to impart deep, authentic smoke flavor to their grilled and smoked foods, the LIZZQ Premium Pellet Smoker Tube is an exceptional choice. It provides a simple yet effective method to achieve professional-level smoke profiles on your favorite meats, poultry, and even vegetables, making it a must-have for achieving the best meats to smoke on pellet grill or any other grill.
4. Traeger Pellet Grills SPC206 Brine and Rub Kit , 13.00
Unlock the secret to an unforgettable, succulent Thanksgiving turkey with the Traeger Pellet Grills SPC206 Brine and Rub Kit. This expertly crafted blend is designed to elevate your smoked poultry, infusing it with bright citrus notes and savory garlic spices for a truly exceptional flavor experience.
This 13oz package contains precisely measured packets of brine mixture and flavorful rub, specifically formulated to ensure your turkey remains incredibly moist and tender after smoking. The combination of Kosher, GMO-free, and gluten-free ingredients guarantees a quality product for discerning home cooks seeking the best results on their pellet grill.
Pros
- Achieves exceptionally moist and tender results, making it a standout choice for holiday meals and a great addition to your selection of best meats to smoke on pellet grill ingredients.
- Features a delicious flavor profile with notes of citrus, garlic, and well-balanced spices that complement various smoked meats beyond just turkey.
- Conveniently packaged with pre-measured brine and rub, simplifying the preparation process for both novice and experienced pitmasters.
- Crafted with high-quality, Kosher, GMO-free, and gluten-free ingredients, ensuring a wholesome and premium flavor experience for your pellet grill creations.
Cons
- Primarily marketed for turkey, which may require users to experiment or supplement if aiming for different types of smoked meats.
For those searching for the best meats to smoke on a pellet grill, this Traeger Brine and Rub Kit offers a surefire way to achieve professional-level results, especially with poultry. Elevate your next smoked turkey from ordinary to extraordinary with this specially formulated seasoning and brine combination.
5. Kingsford Craftsmoke Premium Grilling Wood Pellets, Hickory BBQ Pellets for
Elevate your grilling game with Kingsford Craftsmoke Premium Grilling Wood Pellets, the ideal choice for unlocking deep, authentic wood-fired flavor. Expertly crafted for the discerning pitmaster, these small-batch hickory pellets deliver a nuanced smoke profile perfect for transforming everyday meals into competition-worthy feasts.
Discover the signature taste of Kingsford Craftsmoke. These 100% natural hardwood pellets, featuring a balanced hickory and oak blend, are meticulously processed for consistent burn and superior flavor delivery. Enjoy a pure, additive-free smoke that beautifully complements everything from succulent pork shoulders to delicate poultry and fresh vegetables, making them the best meats to smoke on pellet grill for achieving rich, smoky results.
Enjoy a pure, additive-free smoke that beautifully complements everything from succulent pork shoulders to delicate poultry and fresh vegetables, making them the best meats to smoke on pellet grill for achieving rich, smoky results.
Pros
- Signature Balanced Smoke: The hickory and oak blend provides a complex yet mild wood-smoked flavor that enhances, rather than overpowers, your favorite meats and proteins, perfect for achieving that ideal smoky essence.
- 100% Natural Hardwood: Crafted with select hardwood cuts and uniform sizing, these BBQ pellets contain no fillers, oils, or additives, ensuring a clean burn and pure, natural wood flavor essential for authentic smoking experiences.
- Versatile Grill Compatibility: Designed for optimal performance in all pellet grills, including popular brands like Traeger and Pit Boss, these hickory wood pellets also work effectively in traditional smokers, gas grills, and charcoal grills for ultimate flexibility.
- Small-Batch Craftsmanship: Sourced and crafted in small batches, these premium grilling pellets guarantee superior burn consistency and exceptional flavor, meeting the high standards of both competitive barbecue enthusiasts and weekend grillers.
Cons
- Storage requires attention to maintain peak performance, as moisture absorption can affect burn quality and flavor, necessitating storage in a cool, dry place.
Transform your backyard cookouts with Kingsford Craftsmoke Premium Grilling Wood Pellets. Whether you’re preparing for a backyard BBQ or a large family gathering, these hickory pellets are a top-tier choice for consistent, delicious wood-fired flavor on any grill.
6. Pellet Smoker Tube, 2 Pack 12” Stainless Steel BBQ Wood
Elevate your smoking game with the Lovefish Pellet Smoker Tube, the ultimate accessory for infusing authentic wood smoke flavor into any BBQ creation. Effortlessly transform your existing grill into a dedicated smoker and unlock a world of culinary possibilities.
Crafted from durable 304 stainless steel, this 12-inch hexagonal smoker tube is designed for optimal smoke diffusion. It works seamlessly with all grill types – electric, gas, charcoal, and pellet grills – allowing you to impart rich, smoky notes from your favorite wood pellets, like cherry, hickory, and mesquite, to meats such as chicken, pork, and fish.
Pros
- Universal Grill Compatibility: Works flawlessly with electric, gas, charcoal, and pellet grills of any size or shape, providing versatile smoke infusion for all your outdoor cooking needs.
- Enhanced Stability and Smoke Output: The innovative hexagonal design prevents rolling on grill grates and allows for up to 5 hours of continuous, billowy smoke from a single filling, perfect for long smokes.
- Premium Stainless Steel Construction: Made from rust-resistant, heat-resistant 304 stainless steel, this smoker tube is built for longevity and repeated use, ensuring durability without bending or breaking.
- Versatile Cold and Hot Smoking: Ideal for both hot smoking succulent ribs and brisket, and cold smoking delicate items like cheese and nuts, offering a wide range of culinary applications.
Cons
- Initial Lighting Required: Requires a propane torch for initial lighting of the pellets, an extra step compared to built-in smoker boxes.
This pellet smoker tube is an exceptional tool for any grill enthusiast looking to enhance their BBQ. Its portability and ease of use make it a perfect gift for friends and family eager to explore the depths of wood-fired flavor. Add a new dimension to your grilled chicken, smoked pork, or even grilled fish with this indispensable accessory.
Add a new dimension to your grilled chicken, smoked pork, or even grilled fish with this indispensable accessory.
7. Duke’s Pork Cajun Andouille Smoked Shorty Sausages, 7g Protein Per
Elevate your snacking experience with Duke’s Cajun Style Andouille Smoked Shorty Sausages. These intensely flavorful, hickory-smoked pork links deliver an authentic taste of Louisiana, perfect for those seeking a premium, on-the-go meat snack. Experience the rich, spicy, and satisfying goodness in every bite.
Crafted from never-frozen pork and infused with fire-roasted red peppers and a signature Cajun spice blend, these shorty sausages offer a robust flavor profile. Their traditional hickory hardwood smoking imparts a deep, savory essence.
Designed for convenience and taste, they are a go-to option for hearty, low-carb enjoyment, fitting seamlessly into a keto-friendly diet.
Pros
- Authentic Cajun Flavor: Experience a genuine taste of Louisiana with the bold Cajun spice blend and fire-roasted red peppers, making these ideal for anyone craving spicy sausage snacks.
- Premium Pork Quality: Made with fresh, never-frozen pork, ensuring a superior texture and taste compared to other meat snacks.
- Keto-Friendly & Low Carb: With only 2g net carbs and less than 1g of added sugar per serving, these sausages are an excellent choice for ketogenic or low-carbohydrate lifestyles, offering sustained energy with 7g of protein.
- Convenient Portioning: The 5-ounce bag contains perfectly sized shorty sausages, making them easy to share or enjoy as a personal high-protein snack while traveling or at work.
- Gluten-Free & Allergen-Conscious: A safe and delicious option for those with gluten sensitivities or dietary restrictions.
Cons
- Spicy Kick May Not Suit Everyone: The authentic Cajun spice blend delivers a noticeable heat, which might be too intense for individuals sensitive to spicy foods.
For a satisfying and flavorful meat snack that aligns with a low-carb lifestyle, Duke’s Cajun Andouille Shorty Sausages are an exceptional choice. They bring expertly smoked sausage flavor to any occasion, whether as a quick bite, an addition to a charcuterie board, or a go-to smoked meat for grilling enthusiasts exploring the best meats to smoke on pellet grill.
8. Bear Mountain 2-Pack Wood Pellets for Smoker, Grill & BBQ,
Unlock a new dimension of flavor for your grilled creations with the Bear Mountain 2-Pack Wood Pellets. This premium BBQ blend is expertly crafted to elevate your dishes, delivering a gourmet taste that will impress even the most discerning palates. Experience a cleaner, more intense smoke for truly exceptional results.
Experience a cleaner, more intense smoke for truly exceptional results.
These all-natural hardwood pellets are designed for optimal performance, boasting low moisture content to ensure a pure, clean smoke. The well-balanced, sweet flavor profile is perfect for a wide range of foods, from succulent red meats and poultry to vibrant vegetable dishes. Each 20-pound bag is compatible with all types of outdoor pellet grills, smokers, and even gas, charcoal, and electric grills, making them a versatile addition to your outdoor cooking arsenal.
Each 20-pound bag is compatible with all types of outdoor pellet grills, smokers, and even gas, charcoal, and electric grills, making them a versatile addition to your outdoor cooking arsenal.
Pros
- Gourmet Blend Flavor: Imparts a delicious, sweet, and balanced smoky taste that enhances the natural flavors of red meats, poultry, fish, and vegetables, crucial for achieving the best meats to smoke on pellet grill.
- Low Moisture Content: Guarantees a clean, efficient burn for a pure smoke rather than acridity, resulting in better flavor infusion and less creosote buildup on your food.
- Versatile Compatibility: Works seamlessly with all outdoor pellet grills, smokers, and can even be used to add subtle smoke flavor to gas, charcoal, and electric grills, offering flexibility for various cooking setups.
- All-Natural Hardwood: Made from 100% natural hardwoods with no artificial flavorings, fillers, or chemical additives, ensuring a pure, authentic smoke experience for healthy grilling.
Cons
- Bag Size Consideration: While the 20-pound bags offer good value, larger quantities might be preferred by very frequent grillers, potentially requiring more storage space for multiple bags.
Elevate your smoking and grilling game with Bear Mountain’s Gourmet Blend wood pellets, a top-tier choice for anyone seeking superior barbecue flavor. These all-natural pellets are ideal for infusing your favorite foods with a mouthwatering smoky essence, making them a valuable asset for achieving that perfect pellet grill smoke.
9. Wood Smoker Chips Bundle of 3 Flavors – Apple, Mesquite
Unlock the secret to irresistible, smoky flavors with the Mr. Bar-B-Q Wood Smoker Chips Bundle, a versatile trio designed to elevate your backyard BBQ.
This 3-pack variety delivers premium, all-natural hardwood chips in Apple, Mesquite, and Hickory, perfect for infusing everything from ribs to brisket with authentic barbecue essence, making it one of the best meats to smoke on a pellet grill or any smoker.
Experience a spectrum of authentic tastes with this bundle, featuring 8 lb bags of Applewood for subtly sweet and fruity notes, Mesquite for deep, earthy smokiness, and Hickory for a bold, classic BBQ profile.
Crafted from 100% natural hardwood without additives, these chips ensure a clean, consistent burn, releasing rich, long-lasting smoke for exceptional results on charcoal, gas, and electric grills, as well as smokers, enhancing the flavor of all your smoked meats.
Pros
- Variety of Premium Flavors: Offers three distinct and sought-after smoking wood chip flavors (Apple, Mesquite, Hickory) to cater to diverse taste preferences and applications, enhancing the grilling experience for best meats to smoke.
- 100% Natural Hardwood: Made from pure, chemical-free hardwood, these chips provide a clean, authentic smoke flavor without artificial additives, preservatives, or flavors, contributing to superior quality smoked meats.
- Versatile Application: Suitable for use in a wide range of grilling equipment including charcoal grills, gas grills, electric grills, and various types of smokers, making it a flexible choice for any pitmaster preparing the best meats to smoke.
- Generous Quantity: Each of the three bags contains 1.8 lbs of wood chips, providing ample supply for multiple smoking sessions and ensuring you have enough for large gatherings or frequent grilling enthusiasts perfecting smoked brisket and pork.
Cons
- Chip Size Limitations: As chips, they may burn faster than larger chunks or pellets, potentially requiring more frequent additions to maintain a consistent smoke level for very long smoking sessions, which is a consideration when smoking the best meats to smoke over extended periods.
This Mr. Bar-B-Q Wood Smoker Chips Bundle is an excellent choice for BBQ enthusiasts and grill masters looking to infuse their favorite dishes with authentic smoky flavors.
10. Pellet Smoker Tube Set, 6″ & 12″ Stainless Steel BBQ
Elevate your outdoor cooking with the Pellet Smoker Tube Set, designed to infuse your favorite foods with rich, smoky aromas. This versatile accessory brings the authentic taste of smokehouse flavors to any grilling experience, transforming everyday meals into culinary delights with minimal effort.
Crafted from durable 304 stainless steel, this set includes a 12-inch and a 6-inch smoke tube, perfect for achieving both extended and shorter smoking sessions. The larger tube provides up to 5 hours of continuous smoke, while the smaller offers
5 hours, ensuring you have the right amount of smoke for hot or cold smoking meats, cheeses, vegetables, and more. Add a delightful smoky essence to bacon, chicken, burgers, steaks, pork, hot dogs, sausages, and even fruit or corn.
Pros
- Dual Size Flexibility: The inclusion of both a 12-inch and a 6-inch tube caters to various cooking durations and smoke intensity needs, offering exceptional versatility for different recipes and grilling times.
- Universal Grill Compatibility: This pellet smoker tube is engineered to work seamlessly with all grill types, including gas, charcoal, and electric models, requiring no complex modifications for easy integration into your existing setup.
- Hexagonal Design for Stability: The unique hexagonal shape of the tubes prevents them from rolling off the grill or smoker, ensuring a safe and consistent smoke output without disruption.
- Durable and Safe Construction: Made from high-quality 304 stainless steel, these tubes are rust-proof, robust, and built to withstand high temperatures for long-lasting, reliable use, making them excellent BBQ accessories.
- Comprehensive Kit: The set comes complete with a cleaning brush and two S-hooks, providing everything you need for easy filling, maintenance, and hanging, enhancing your smoking experience.
Cons
- Initial Learning Curve for Optimal Smoke: While simple to use, achieving the perfect smoke for specific foods may require some experimentation with different pellet types and burn times to master.
For grill masters seeking to add authentic smoky flavors to a wide range of foods, this pellet smoker tube set is an indispensable tool. It’s an ideal addition for anyone looking to enhance their barbecue results, from casual weeknight grilling to elaborate backyard parties, making it a must-have for achieving those coveted smoky notes.
Mastering Your Pellet Grill: Meat Choices
Flavor profiles and meat selection
Successful smoking hinges significantly on aligning your meat choices with compatible wood pellet flavors and understanding the inherent qualities of each cut.
The synergy between your pellet variety and the protein dictates the final taste profile; for instance, bold hickory or mesquite excel with heartier red meats like brisket or pork shoulder, while milder fruitwoods such as apple or cherry complement poultry and fish beautifully. Texture and smoke penetration are also paramount.
Tender cuts, like a well-marbled ribeye, will readily absorb smoke and cook relatively quickly, whereas tougher, connective-tissue-rich cuts such as pork butt or beef chuck require longer, slower cooking at lower temperatures to break down and become succulent. Don’t overlook the importance of marbling – the intramuscular fat – as it not only contributes to moisture and tenderness but also carries and enhances the smoky flavors throughout the meat during the extended cooking process.
Consider your intended cooking duration as well; a whole packer brisket might demand five to twelve hours, whereas pork ribs can be ready in three to five. Understanding these nuances ensures you select the right protein for the flavor you’re aiming for and the time commitment you have, leading to consistently delicious results on your pellet grill.
Pellet grill meat preparation techniques
Mastering the art of meat preparation is fundamental to unlocking succulent, flavorful results from your pellet grill.
Understanding these techniques is vital because they directly influence the final taste, texture, and moisture content of everything from brisket to pork shoulders. Consider how a well-executed dry rub, seasoned with paprika, garlic, and brown sugar, forms a flavorful bark that enhances smoke adherence.
Alternatively, brining, especially for poultry or leaner cuts, infuses moisture and seasoning deep within the meat, preventing dryness. Injecting marinades, rich with broths, Worcestershire sauce, or fruit juices, adds another layer of internal flavor and ensures a moist outcome, a critical factor for large roasts.
Furthermore, proper preparation extends to the physical preparation of the meat itself. Trimming excessive fat caps ensures that smoke can penetrate evenly, leading to consistent cooking and a better smoked flavor profile.
Lastly, allowing meats to rest after smoking allows the juices to redistribute throughout the muscle fibers. This crucial step, often overlooked, guarantees that each slice is incredibly juicy and tender, preventing the loss of precious moisture when you cut into your expertly cooked protein.
Quick Best Meats To Smoke On Pellet Grill Buying Checklist
- Know Your Cuts: Understand which meats (like pork shoulder or brisket) excel with long, slow smoking.
- Pellet Pairing: Match wood pellet flavors (hickory, mesquite, fruitwoods) with your chosen meat for optimal taste.
- Temperature is Key: Ensure your pellet grill maintains a consistent low temperature for tender results.
- Seasoning Strategy: Use rubs or marinades to enhance flavor and tenderize the meat before smoking.
- Patience Pays Off: Allow ample smoking and resting time; don’t rush the process for best texture.
- Monitor Internal Temps: Use a meat thermometer to ensure your meat reaches safe and desired doneness.
Frequently Asked Questions
What Are The Easiest Meats To Smoke On A Pellet Grill For Beginners?
Pork shoulder and chicken wings are excellent starting points due to their forgiving nature and ability to absorb smoke well.
How Long Should I Smoke Different Types Of Meat On A Pellet Grill?
Smoking times vary greatly by cut and thickness, but typically range from 4-6 hours for ribs to 8-12+ hours for a brisket.
What Wood Pellet Flavors Work Best For Common Meats?
Hickory and mesquite are great for beef and pork, while fruitwoods like apple or cherry are excellent for poultry and pork.
Do I Need To Trim The Meat Before Smoking On A Pellet Grill?
Trimming excess hard fat and shaping the meat can improve smoke penetration and create a more even cook.
What Is The Ideal Temperature Range For Smoking Meats On A Pellet Grill?
Most recipes call for temperatures between 225°F (107°C) and 275°F (135°C) for that classic smoky flavor and tender texture.
Final Words
Choosing the best meats to smoke on a pellet grill unlocks a world of incredible flavor and tender texture. From low-and-slow brisket to juicy ribs, your pellet grill is your gateway to barbecue mastery.
Embrace experimentation and enjoy the delicious, smoke-infused results.